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Önder Türkmen 1 , Füsun Gülser 2 , Turgay Kabay 1 1 University of Yüzüncü Yıl, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 65080 Van-Turkey 2 University of Yüzüncü Yıl, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, 65080 Van-Turkey ABSTRACT The mixture of garden soil, sand and barnyard manure was used as growing medium in equal amounts. According to the results of soil analysis pH value of the growing medium was detected as low alkaline. Lime content of the growing medium was found as medium level. Texture of the growing medium was determined as loamy. Amounts of nitrogen and organic matter were found at the low level. Phosphorus and potassium contents of the growing medium were found at the high and enough levels, respectively. The growing medium was found as nonsalty. 0g/m3, 400 g/m3, 800 g/m3, 1200 g/m3, and 1600 g/m3 of nitrogen and 0g/m3, 600 g/m3, 1200 g/m3 and 1800 g/m3 of P2O5 were applied into the growing medium as chemical fertilizers. Amounts of some macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micro ( Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) nutrients of tomato seedling were analysed. At the end of the study, it was seen that N doses had no effect on P uptake of seedlings. However, P uptake was enhanced by increased P doses. N and P doses had significant effect on some macro and micro elements. Joint application of N (1600 g/m3) and P (1800 g/m3 P2O5) gave the most positive results on tomato seedlings. INTRODUCTION The most important issue in succesful vegetable production is to grow strong and healthy seedlings. Seedling medium can be prepared with different mixtures. Even with suitable growing medium mixture and ecological conditions, the seedlings sometimes grows weakly. The seedlings are not able to take essential nutrients for some causes. For this reason, seedling growing medium must be balanced for mixtures. There is strong relationship between seedling nutrient uptake and seedling growth. Therefore, fertilization is as important as environmental factors. Among the most essential plant nutrients, nitrogen and phosporus come first. Nitrogen has a vital importance on the plant growth because the most part of the plant dry matter consists of nitrogenous compounds. Seedlings with adequate nitrogen have dark color and strong vegatative growth (Kacar, 1984). Phosphorus must be abundant enough in growing medium because phosphorus uptake of plants is decreased under low temperatures and insufficient light conditions. In the shortage of phosphorus, the seedlings become dark colored and the root growth is affected negatively Aktaş (1995). Phosphorus affects inflorence especially in tomatoes (Akıllı and Biner, 1977). There are quite different references on the application amount of fertlizers as the seedling nutrients. Wacquant at al. propose 218 g of N and 211 g of P2O5 for 1m3 medium (Şeniz, 1984). The changes in the nutrient content according to the different N and P doses were investigated as an indicator of seedling quality. Amount of nutrients and optimum nitrogen and phosphorus doses for the tomato seedlings were examined in this study. MATERIALS and METHODS This study was carried out according to the factorial experimental design with three replications in the greenhouse of the Horticulture Department of Agriculture Faculty of the University of Yüzüncü Yıl. Different nitrogen and phosphorus doses were studied. The mixtures of garden soil, barnyard manure, and sand were used as seedling growing medium. According to the soil analyses, experimental soil was found as loamy, with low alcaline, nonsalty, moderate limy, and with insufficient organic matter and sufficient P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. Furthermore, 0,400, 800,1200, 1600g/m3 N and 0,600, 1200 and 1800 g/m3 P 2O5 were applied into 1m3 growing media as ammonium nitrate and diammonium phosphate, respectively. Nitrogen amount in diammonium phosphate was taken into consideration in the calculation of N doses. Tomato seedlings were harvested at the transplanting stage (7 weeks after the seed sowing). Seedlings were washed, dried and grinded. Total N of grinded plant samples was measured by Kjeldahl method; phosphorus was measured by vanadomalibdo yellow color method; Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were masured by atomic absorbtion spectrophotometer (Kacar, 1984). DISCUSSION The effects of different N and P doses on the nutrient uptake were shown in Table 1 and 2.   F values obtained in performed variance analyses were shown in Table 3.  The effect of different nitrogen doses on tomato seedlings was found significantly (p<0.001) important. Average nitrogen amount of N1 dose was higher than the other N doses. Increased phosphorus doses had no effect on N uptake. Increased nitrogen doses had no significant effect on phosphorus uptake. However, phosphorus uptake of tomato seedling was enhanced by increased phosphorus doses. Seedlings had the significantly (p<0.01) highest (% 0.42) phosphorus uptake by P3 dose. K amount of seedlings was not affected significantly by increased N or P doses. N2P2 dose gave the lowest K level. Ca amount of seedlings was increased significantly (P<0.001) by increased N doses. No and N1 doses gave lower values than the other doses as 1.30 and 1.58, respectively. P doses also affected Ca uptake. Ca uptake of seedlings was higher at P3 dose than P1 and P2 doses. Although Mg uptake at N4 dose was higher than that of No, Mg amount of tomato seedlings was not affected significantly by N doses. Mg uptake of tomato seedlings was (P<0.01) decreased significantly by increased P doses. Mg uptake at P0 dose was higher than P2 and P3 doses. Zn uptake of tomato seedlings was not affected significantly by increased N and P doses. Mn uptake of tomato seedlings was increased significantly (P<0.001) by N doses. Mn uptake at N4 dose (129 ppm) was higher than N0, N2 and N3 doses. Mn uptake at P1 doses (105 ppm) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the other doses. Increasing N and P doses usually increased nutrient uptake. The effects of interactions between in N and P doses were not found significantly on the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc. The interaction effects of N and P doses were detected significantly (P<0.001) different on the the uptake of calcium, potassium. The uptake of manganese of seedlings were affected significantly (P<0.01) from by interaction of N and P doses. Joint application of N and P fertilizer is more effective and there is a sinergism (Aktaş 1995) between them. Kabay (1999) stated that 1600g/m3 N and 1800g/m3 P2O5 doses and their interactions gave more positive results on tomato seed germination and seedlings quality. Nutrient amounts of N4 (1600g/m3N) and P3 (1800g/m3 P2O5) were detected high in tomato seedlings. REFERENCES Akıllı, M., Biner, B., 1997. Fide Yetiştiriciliği. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi.10(1):404-406. Antalya. Aktaş, M., 1995. Bitki Besleme ve Toprak Verimliliği. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları,1501,Ankara. Kabay, T., 1999. Domateste Tohum Çimlenme ve Fide Kalitesi Üzerine Değişen Azot ve Fosfor Dozlarının Etkileri (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Basılmamış). Y.Y.Ü., Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Van. Kacar, B., 1984 a. Bitki Besleme. A.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 899, Ankara. Kacar, B., 1984 b. Bitki Besleme Uygulama Kılavuzu. A.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 900, Ankara. Şeniz, V., 1984. Sebzecilikte Fide Yetştiriciliği ve Sorunları. Tarımsal Araştırmaları Destekleme ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları, 19, Yalova, 97-98-99 |