Determining Yield Level and Some Physical Properties of Some Pepper and Tomato Varieties Grown at Greenhouse Conditions and Its Possible Profits to Gap Region


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Determining Yield Level and Some Physical Properties of Some Pepper (Capsium Annuum L.) and
Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.) Varieties Grown at Greenhouse Conditions and Its Possible Profits to Gap Region

İ. Kızılgöz ¹, A. Deliboran ², O. Deliboran ³, F. İnce ¹

¹ Harran University, Agriculture Faculty, Soil Science Department, Şanlıurfa
² Harran University, Suruç MYO, Greenhousing Programme, Şanlıurfa
³ KOÇATA Agricultural Inc., Şanlıurfa

Abstract

The greenhouse in which this study was establihed is located in Karaali Village, 45 km far from Şanlıurfa. At the end of this study, the highest yield as total (10238 kg/da) and per plant (4.1 kg) was obtained from the pepper variety of Sirena. In the study, fruit weights were determined between 26 and 56 g for Sirena; 30-39 g for Melis and 40-64 g for pepper varieties of Balo. Additionally, fruit diameters were measured 28.4-37.6; 20.2-30.2 and 41.0-57.6 mm for Sirena, Melis and Balo, respectively. Fruit lenghts were found as 157-224; 194-262 and 71.9-90.5 mm for pepper varieties of Sirena, Melis and Balo, respectively. According to the results the highest yield as total (23038 kg/da) and per plant (9.68 kg) was obtained from the tomato variety of Elif-190. While fruit weight of Elif-190 was 125-154 g, fruit width was 55.7-73.9 and plant height was 50.5-63.5 mm. Fruit weight, fruit width and plant height of Fantastic-144 ranged between 129-154 g; 60.2-68.7 and 50.4-61.5 mm, respectively. With the making of similar studies a lot of profits will be supply such as more income, reducing of unemployment, attaining of new technics and technologies and using of uncultivated or little soils in the Region.

Introduction

Earning more income from the unit area, depending on quantities and qualities of production, is the basic propose of agricultural activities. Plant production is done mainly in fields while some plants such as vegetables are grown under cover. Factors, such as land fragmented, legacy, salinization or rocky soils force people to grow plants in greenhouses. At the same time, in the winter because of climatic restrictions, different kind of vegetables are produced in greenhouses. This kind of plant production is more profitable.

Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) region has widely geographic area (73863 km2) and population (7.2 million). Principle advantages of GAP Region are expressed as mines, soils, sun energy and water sources (Bilen, 1991; Yücel, 1991). The biggest outcome point is sourced come from the heat systems and used materials in greenhouse conditions. Heat outcome of the greenhouses can reach to 75 % of the total expenditure in the GAP Region. Nevertheless, Şanlıurfa have many advantages to for production greenhouse plants including climatic factors. Some of the climatic factors belong Şanlıurfa were given in Table 1 (Anonymous, 2001). After using of geothermal water to the heat the greenhouses, plant production activities have been developed significiantly in the Karaali village, Şanlıurfa. Other systems, such as fuel-oil and LPG, geothermal heat systems need more initial investments. But, management expenditure is constituted only for circulation of water inside pipe in the geothermal heat systems. This is about 20 % of the other heat systems.

Pepper and tomato varieties are riched respect nutritients (Bergmann, 1988), which are produced prevalently in Turkey (Anonymous, 2000). 100 g pepper fruits have included 1.5 % protein, 5.4 % carbonhidrates and 1 % lipit with the 38 calories while tomato varieties are included 0.89 %, 4 %, 0.2 % and 26 calories, respectively (Vural et all., 2000). Tomato and pepper varieties are also rich respects some vitamines such as AIU, thiamin B1, riboflavin B2, ascorbic acid and niacyn. All these specialities are very important for region peoples health. There are significiant meat consumption, mainly sheep. So, collestrol and obesity are appeared of major health problems among the region people due to especially excessive consumption of sheep meat.

Material and Methods

Melis F1, Sirena F1 and Balo pepper additionally, Fantastic-144 and Elif-190 tomato varieties were used in this research all varieties were grown first time in the greenhose, GAP region. Some properties of tomato and pepper varieties were given below.

Sirena : It is a kind of charliston pepper and has strong plant structure, with its excellent fruit set. It has long, thin and white fruit. Its fruit lenghts are changed between 18-22 cm. It is resistant to tobacco mosaic viruses.
Balo : It is a kind of stuffing pepper variety. Balo is excellent due to its thin fruit inside. It is resistant to tobacco mosaic viruses. It is suitable to product in winter and autumn.
Melis : It is wintery pepper variety. It has thin fruit with its green color and its fruit lenghts are around 20 cm. It is resistant to tobacco mosaic viruses.
Elif-190 : Elif-190 is suitable to grown for autumn and spring season. It has excellent fruit shape and homogen red color. At the same time, it is strong versus transportation and spliting. Average fruit weights are around 180 g.
Fantastic-144 : It has high fertility and uniform fruit structure. It has a suitable variety for autumn season and strong to some disease such as verticillium, fusarium and tobacco mosaic viruses.

Greenhouse was heated with the geothermal water. Geothermal water was used for irrigation after rest in pool. Each pepper varieties are grown at 2 blocks (each block was 90 m2). For the basic fertilizers as 50 kg/da DAP (18-46) and 35 kg.da-1 K2SO4 are applied. All the pepper are sewed as 2500 shoots.da-1 (interrow spacing is 100 cm and intrarow spacing is 40 cm) on 27.10.1997. Fruit harvest were done between February 15 - July 10, 1997. Each tomato variety is grown at 2 blocks which was 269 m2. Plant nutrients of tomato varieties were given with irrigation water as MKP, KNO3, NH4-N, MgNO3, MnSO4, ZnSO4, Borax, CuSO4, Na-Molibdat, Squstrine, fosforic acid and nitric acid with the quantities are 75, 600, 200, 100, 1.69, 1.15, 1.69,0.18, 0.12, 15, 150, 100 g.t-1, respectively.

Some characteristics of irrigation water were analysed as 28 °C, 7.70, 785 mmhos cm-1, 91.5, 0.47, 150, 110.2, 41.1, 90.2, 16.2 and 1.7 mg.l-1 for heat, pH, EC, Cl-, NH4-N, CaCO3 and HCO3-, SO4-2, Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2, F, respectively. NO3-N, Fe and B weren't found.

Result and Discussions

In this research, average and total yields additionally some physical properties of tomato and pepper varieties such as plant weights, diameters and lenghts were determined. Data were given in Table 4. It is clear that, the highest yield, both total and per plant, were obtained from the pepper variety Sirena, and tomato variety Elif-190 (Table 4). This is the first study which is achieved in GAP Region. But the research results are not expessed for the all region. For this reason more studies, using other plant varieties such as ornemental plants, should be done under greenhose conditions in the other part of GAP region.

Some possible advantages were given below with the end of similar research in the Region.

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