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Cemile GÖKSAL, Mustafa GÖK, Ali COŞKAN University of Çukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Sci. Balcalı, Adana-Turkey Soil organic matter is the major component for physical, chemical and biological productivity of the soils. However, the organic matter contents of the widely arable lands of Turkey are insufficient (%1-2). Mono cultural production, stubble burning, instead of using as organic fertilizer, the gathering and removing the harvest remains for various purposes, rare use of additional organic fertilizer and the climatic conditions (especially semi-arid) have special role on the insufficient organic matter contents of the soil (Diercks, 1983; Gök et. al., 1998). The effects of incorporation of different amounts (0.5%, 1.0%) of wheat stubble, tobacco waste, green manure plants (vetch, oat, horse bean and vetch & oat mixture) with significant differences in C, N contents and C/N ratio, on nitrogen mineralization (nitrate and ammonium occurrence) and the biological activity of soil (CO2 production and dehydrogenase activity) in laboratory condition as a function of incubation time were studied. The C and N contents, along with the C/N ratio of the soils were 46.8%, 0.70%, 66.9 for wheat stubble; 38.4%, 2.40%, 16.0 for tobacco waste; 30.5%, 2.57% and 11.9 for green manure plants mixture. The soil samples were incubated (30 OC, field capacity) for 63 days and analyzed for their nitrate and ammonium contents as an indicator of mineralization as well as CO2 production and DHA activity as an indicator of biological activity in regular intervals (Schlichting and Blume 1952; Gök et. al., 1999). The soils which wheat stubble applied were enriched by nitrogen (KNO3) in calculation as 1 unit N for 200-unit stubble (w/w). Results revealed that there was positive correlation between mineralization speed and the composition of organic matter (C, N and C/N ratio). Thus, green manure plants with high and low C/N ration following the first week of treatment the CO2 production was significantly higher than the other mixtures. Ammonium values measured in first week was also parallel to CO2 production, which might be due to the amonification of the mineralized N. The mineralization rate was significantly decreased for the green manure plant when 1st week was compared to the following periods. Tobacco waste treatment sustained high level of mineralization for longer periods than the green manure plant mixture. The nitrate contents of soil were significantly increased contrarily ammonium contents following the 3rd week of incubation, which was assigned as the opposite of ammonium contents of the soil and acquired due to the conversion of ammonium to nitrate following mineralization As for the mean values, 1% tobacco waste determined to be the most effective according to CO2 production and DHA activity, which was followed by 1% green manure and 1% stubble application. For nitrate development 1% tobacco waste was again the most effective and followed by 1% green manure respectively. Tobacco waste (1%) and 1% green manure treatment showed significant effects however other treatment revealed relatively low values (Table 1).  In all treatments the control treatment value was significantly lower than the other. Results revealed that the properties of organic matter, which is added to soil, are quite important for enhancing soil quality. References . Diercks, 1983. Alternativen im Landbau. Verlag Eugen Ulmer Stuttgart. . Gök, M., Onaç, I., Karip, B., Sağlamtimur, T., Coşkan, A., Tansı, V., Kızılşimşek, M., 1998. Influence of Plant Residues, Tobacco Waste and Cattle Manure Applications on Nitrogen Mineralization, Immobilization and Some Biological Properties of Soil. M. Şefik Yeşilsoy International Symposium on Arid Region Soil. "YISARS". 21-24 September 1998, p 551-557, Menemen-İzmir-Turkey. . Gök, M., Sağlamtimur, T., Coşkan, A., Onaç, I., Tanisi, V., Karip, B., İnal, İ., 1999. The Effects of Organic Fertilization on N-Mineralization, Nitrogen loss by Denitrification and Microbial Activity. The 1st Conference on Agriculture in GAP (Southern Anatolia), 2nd volume, T.C. University of Harran, Faculty of Agriculture, 26-28 May, Şanlıurfa, P 971-978 (in Turkish). . Schlichting, E., Blume, E., 1966. Bodenkundliches Prakticum. Paul Parey Verlag, Hamburg, Berlin. |