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Çağdaş Akpınar, İbrahim Ortaş The University of Çukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Adana, Turkey Abstract The aim of study was to investigate the effect of indigenous and selected G. Clarium mycorrhizae species on citrus growth and P (phosphorus) and Zn (Zinc) uptake. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Department of Soil Science , Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. The growth media used were Konya and Sultanönü soils, which are poor in P and Zn availability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal species used were G. Clarium, and indigenous (collected from citrus rhizosfer). Zn used was 0, 5, 10 mg kg-1 soil. P used was 0 and 100 mg kg-1 soil. Each seedling received 1000 spores. Non-mycorrhizal plants also received the same amount of medium mycorrhizal spores. The results showed that the mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased dry matter production, root infection and nutrient uptake. In both soils at 0 mg P kg-1 soil and 5 mg Zn kg-1 soil application plant growth was higher. In general plant grown in Sultanönü soil was better than Konya soil. Introduction Citrus is commonly grown in the Çukurova Region, located on the East Mediterranean coast of Turkey. As the soils of the Çukurova region lack in P and Zn it is important to test them for their suitability for citrus production. For an optimum growth and balanced nutrition, fertilization some time is needed. In order to reduce unnecessary amount of fertilizer, mycorrhizal inoculation is very important . This will contribute to reducing both pollution of the environment and the cost of citrus production. Mycorrhizal citrus plants grow better than non-mycorrhizal ones (Menge et al., 1982; Antunes and Cardoso, 1991;Syvertsen and Graham, 1999). Kleinschmidt and Gerdemann (1972); Menge et al., (1978) reported that following fumigation of soils for the production of citrus in North America, nutrient-deficiency symptoms and stunting were observed related to the elimination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Several greenhouse experiments have shown that citrus trees are dependent on mycorrhizal colonization (Vinayak and Bagyaraj, 1990; Camprubi and Calvet, 1996; Ortaş et al., 2002 a b). Subsequently, it has repeatedly been reported that citrus plants need mycorrhizal infection for their maximum growth. Since most of the citrus orchards in the eastern Mediterranean region are nutrient deficient, it was targeted to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on citrus seedling for better plant growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of indigenous and selected G. clarium mycorrhiza accessions on citrus growth as well as P (phosphorus) and Zn (Zinc) uptake. Material and Methods The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Department of Soil Science, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Two different mycorrhizal species and two different growth media were tested. The growth media used was Konya and Sultanönü soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal species used were G. clarium and Indigenous (collected from citrus rhizosfer). Under greenhouse conditions, following the germination of citrus seeds (citrus sinensis L.), the seedlings were transplanted to 3 L containers. Before transplantation, each seedling received 1000 spores. Non-mycorrhizal plants also received the same amount of medium free of mycorrhizal spores. Zn doses applied were 0, 5, 10 mg kg-1 soil, while P doses used were 0 and 100 mg kg-1 soil. The roots were analyzed for the degree of mycorrhizal inoculation in the root cortex was assessed by the method of Koske and Gemma (1989). Root colonization was determined using a gridline intersect method (Giovenetti and Mosse, 1980). Also at Harvest, plant dry matter, plant height, mycorrhizal infection and P and Zn contents were determined. Results and Conclusions The results showed that the mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased dry matter production (Table 1). Plant growth was different between the two soils. Compared to Konya soil, selected mycorrhizae and indigenous mycorrhiza inoculation significantly increased plant shoot growth of Sultanönü soil. In non-inoculated Konya soil, plants grew up to some extent but in Sultanönü soil, plants did not grow as expected. Differences in plant growth between the two soils may depend on soil fertility. In both soils at 0 mg P kg-1 soil and 5 mg Zn kg-1 soil application plant growth was higher than in the respective control. G.clarium inoculation increased plant growth and nutrient uptake more than the indigenous inoculums. In general plants grown in Sultanönü soil developed better than those grown in Konya soil. Mycorrhizal inoculation also affected the percentage of root infection. Mycorrhizal inoculation also significantly increased the plants P and Zn uptake. Reference . Antennas, V. & Cardoso, E.J.B.N., 1991 Growth and nutrient status of citrus plants as influenced by mycorrhiza and phosphorus application. Plant and Soil 131, 11-19 . Camprubi A, Calvet C.,1996. Isolation And Screening Of Mycorrhizal Fungi From Citrus Nurseries And Orchards And Inoculation Studies. Hortscience 31: (3) 366-369. . Giovannetti, M. & Mosse, B., 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytologist 84, 489-500. |