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1 Hamit Altay, 2 Canan Öztokat, 1 Mürsel Güven 1 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science 2 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture Abstract This experiment was carried out between February and June 2001 in the plastic greenhouse belonging to Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, with the purpose of determining the effect of varying applications of nitrogen and phosphorus on the yield and quality of freesia hybrida. This experiment was set up using a random block design with three replications of each plot measuring 2.40 m2. Each plot contained 50 plants in 5 rows. Various combinations of fertiliser were used in the study, 3 different doses of nitrogen (0 kg N/da, 20 kgN.da-1, 40 kgN.da-1) and two of phosphorus (0 kg P2O5.da-1and 15 kg P2O5.da-1), giving a total of six different applications. The sources of fertilisers were ammonium nitrate and TSP and the dose of nitrogen was applied at two different times. According to the results, the largest number of spikes per plant was obtained from the combinations P1N0 (4.95 per plant) and P0N2 (4.98 per plant); the number of florets per plant was not affected by differing combinations of fertilisers which was the actual subject of our research, although it was noticed that an application of N2 (40 kgN.da-1) resulted in the highest number of 37.15 florets per plant. There was no statistically significant difference in the diameters of florets. The highest values for the length of the florets and floret stalks were found to be 50.63 mm and 155.22 mm respectively, using the P1N2 combinations. Introduction Freesia is a small genus consisting of 11 species, is a monodicotyledonea and belongs to the Iridaceae family (Brown, 1934). Freesias are widely used as cut flowers (Smith and Danks, 1985). In recent years, freesia production has increased greatly, especially in Europe. The best planting time (early March, late March or mid April) of small and large corms for summer season production of cut flowers was determined by DongKwan et.al., (1996), who found that the number of leaves increased with later planting dates. Plants from the late March planting were the tallest. Cut flower quality (flower stem length, number of florets per spike and production of marketable flowers) was best when large corms were planted in late March (8889 bunches of flowers.10 a-1). Freesias require soils that retain moisture but are well drained. The pH should be 6.6-7.5 to reduce the risk of leaf scorch and the soils must not contain fluoride. Excessive nutrient levels can result in root burn and stunted growth of the crop. Therefore, base fertilizer dressings are unnecessary unless a soil analysis reveals excessive nutrient deficiency. Double superphosphate should be avoided since this contains fluoride as a contaminant (Hertogh and Le Nard, 1993). Khateeb et. al. (1991), studied the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on growth, flowering and chemical composition of Freesia hybrida cv. Aurora in Giza. They planted the corms in 25 cm clay pots filled with clay loam soil. They found that the greatest spike stem length was obtained with 1 g. N (ammonium nitrate) + 2 kg. K (potassium sulphate) per pot. The highest fresh weights of flowering organs were obtained with 2 g. N (ammonium sulphate) + 2 g. K per pot. Özkahya (1982) recommended using 70-150 kg.da-1 TSP, 130-350 kg.da-1 potassium sulphate, 80-240 kg.da-1 magnesium sulphate and 15-30 kg.da-1 ammonium nitrate for freesia cultivation. Perry (2001) recommended 100 ppm N every other watering. In this study we aimed to determine the effects of varying applications of nitrogen and phosphorus on the yield and quality of Freesia hybrida. Material and Methods This experiment was carried out between February and June 2001 in the plastic greenhouse belonging to Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University with the purpose of determining the effect of varying applications of nitrogen and phosphorous on the quality and yield of freesia hybrida. The experiment was set up using random block design with three applications of each plot measuring 2.40 m2. Each plot contained 50 plants in 5 rows. Various combinations of fertilisers were used in this study; 3 different doses of nitrogen (0 kg N/da as N0, 20 kgN.da-1as N1, 40 kg N.da-1as N2) and two of phosphorous (0 kg P2O5.da-1as P0 and 15 kg P2O5.da-1as P1) giving a total of six different applications as P0N0, P0N1, P0N2, P1N0, P1N1 and P1N2 . The sources of fertilisers were ammonium nitrate and TSP and the dose of nitrogen was applied at two different times. Fertilisers were chosen according to the results of greenhouse soil analysis. The soil analysis report from the greenhouse is shown in Table 1. In the experiment, the number of spikes per plant, number of florets per plant, diameter of florets, length of florets and length of flower stalks were examined.  Results According to the results as it can be seen in Table 2, the largest number of spikes per plant was obtained from the combinations of P1N0 (4.95 per plant) and P0N2 (4.98 per plant), followed by the P1N2 combination, with 4.40 per plant. The lowest value was obtained from the P0N0 combination. Total weight per plant was not affected by the fertiliser combinations but the highest and lowest weights were obtained from the P0N2 and P1N1 combinations respectively. The number of florets per plant was not affected by different combinations of fertilisers, which was the actual subject of our research, although it was noticed that an application of P0N2 resulted in the highest number of 39.78 florets per plant. As can be seen in Table 2, there was no statistically significant difference in the diameter of the florets but the highest value was obtained from the P1N1 combination. The highest values for the length of the florets were found to be 50.63 mm (P1N2) and the lowest value was 46.17 mm (P1N0). The floret stalk, which is one of the most important criteria for the quality of cut flowers, was found to be between 155.22-119.50 mm. The highest and lowest values were obtained from the P1N2 and P1N0 combinations respectively. As a result, it can be said that the number of spikes per plant, number of florets per plant, length of florets and floret stalks increased with the increasing doses of nitrogen. Especially in fall-winter season freesia production can be advised as a alternative production system for producers in Çanakkale.  References . Brown, N. W., 1934. Freesia, Klatt and its history. Journal of South African Botany. 1:1-31. . DongKwan, K., Jeong, K., KeeKwong, L., YongKyu, S. 1996. Effect of planting date of corm on summer season cut flowerproduction of freesia, Freesia hybrida in sub alpine areas.RDA-journal of Agricultural Science, 38:2. . El-Khateeb, M.A., El-Leithy, A.S., Badawy, E.M.,1991. Effect of nitrogen and potassum fertilization on growth, flowering and chemical composition of freesia hybrida. cv. Aurora. Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture. Univeristyof Cairo. 42:4, 1321-1342. . Hertogh, A., Le Nard, M., 1993. The physiology of flower bulbs. Elsevier Pup. Chapter 21, pp: 287-296. . Özkahya, D., 1982. Kesme çiçek olarak değerlendirilen bazı soğanlı süs bitkileri. Önemli kesme çiçek yetiştiriciliği Semineri. TAV Yayınları. No:52. Yalova. . Perry, L., 2001. Indoor plants. University of Vermont.PSSS:121. |