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Sabri ŞENER 1, Tuncay DEMİRER 2, Şükrü KALELİ 3 1 Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. 2 Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. 3 Soil and Water Laboratory, Agricultural Extension Service of Çanakkale, Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs. Abstract This research was carried out to determine the irrigation water quality of Çanakkale, Ezine and Lapseki provinces. Irrigation water samples were collected from surface waters, reservoirs and well waters in the research area, during the Irrigation period. EC, pH, temperature, NO3--, NO2-, CO3--, HCO3- , SO4-- , Cl-, K+, Na+, (Ca+Mg), RSC and SAR measurements were carried out at all samples. The data obtained from the research results showed that all samples collected from surface waters, reservoirs and well waters were suitable for irrigation purpose, except, three samples from Halileli Village, Yeni Mahalle and Umurbey well waters contained high levels of NO3, which is not suitable for a sustainable irrigation. Even though the results of the measurements indicate that surface water is better than ground water in terms of chemical quality, surface water is more likely to be contaminated with domestic and industrial disposals especially when big settlements are close to the stream. Introduction Total agricultural farm lands are 333 573 hectars in Çanakkale Region. 120 000 hectars of this land is suitable for irrigation but only 60 000 hectars are under irrigation today. This research was carried out Çanakkale, Ezine and Lapseki provinces which covers 79 050 hectars of agricultural land which is aproximately 24 percent of the total agricultural area of the Çanakkale Region. Generally mesothermal climate prevails in the region, which is relatively dry and hot in the summer, cool and rainy in winter. Relative humidity is about 64 percent in summer month and 78 percent in January, yearly average is 71 percent. The annual average temperature is 14.8°C. The average monthly maximum and minimum temperatures are 24.6°C in August and 6.2°C in January. The average annual rainfall is 610 mm in Çanakkale province (Anonymous,2001). Since the irrigated area has been in creasing every year in the region, utilization of the lower quality surface and ground water is also increasing. But this situation creates salinity and toxicity hazards for agricultural crops and soils (Ayyıldız, 1976). The aim of this research was to determine the quality and suitability of surface and ground waters used in irrigation in Çanakkale region and then if there were salinity or toxicity problems to inform the farmers and extension service people, to take necessary precautions. Materials and Methods This research was carried out on the samples collected from dams, creeks and farmers' well waters used for irrigation in Çanakkale, Ezine and Lapseki provinces. Two monthly samples were collected during irrigation period (June-July) from 22 locations in 2000. Samples from wells were collected after the pump had been running for at least twenty four hours and samples from streams was taken from running water. At the time of collection, a label bearing a short identifying description was attached to the bottle. Name of the farmer, location, irrigated crops, temperature of the water, farmers observation on the source of the irrigation water (possible contamination reasons) were also recorded (US Salinity Lab. 1954). K+, Na+, (Ca++ + Mg++), CO3--, HCO-3 and pH according to Tüzüner (1990) and other parameters ( EC, Cl-, Nitrite, Nitrate, Sulfate )were determined with La Motte Smart Colorimeter. The data collected from water analysis compared with standard water quality parameters. Results and Discussion Irrigation water analysis results given at table 1 compared and evaluated according to standard irrigation water quality criteria (Anonim,1991 and US Salinity Lab. 1954). Also chemical composition of some irrigation water in Çanakkale Region analysed by State Hydraulic Works Laboratory are given at table 2 for comparison. Some well waters of the farmers evaluated according to drinking water standards (Anonim, 1991).  Evaluation of the research results is the following; Sarıçay Creek water salt content was rather high at the down stream and classified as C4S1. SO4-- content varied from 240 to 340 ppm and considered 3rd class irrigation water (Şener,1983) (sample no:1). But at the upstream of the same stream conductivity is very low (465 micromhos / cm) and classified as C2S1 (numbered, 18). The main pollutants for the downstream of Sarıçay creek might be industrial waste waters and discharge waters from settlements. Water analysis results showed that; Irrigation water samples collected from the locations (numbered; 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22) were suitable for irrigation when compared with standard parameters mentioned above. But on the other hand well waters from Halileli Village (numbered 3 and 4), and Umurbey area (numbered 10) showed high NO3 and NO2 contents especially in the water samples collected in July. Almost two to three times more NO3 and NO2 levels at the end of irrigation season showed that overuse of well waters during the summer period caused to lower water levels in the wells and as a result of seepage from the sewers and other organic pollutants nearby increased the NO3 and NO2 contents of the well waters. These kinds of waters should not be used continuously for irrigation. pH values from 6,5 to 8,4 are considered permissible range for irrigation waters and pH values of the waters sampled varied from 7,2 to 8,0 which is suitable for the most crops (Tok, 1997; Hoffman at all 1992). Temperature of irrigation waters is an important factor for germination of the seeds and for the plant development. Irrigation water temperatures lower than 10oC and over than 30oC may retard growing and cause some hazardous developments in most crops (Ayyıldız, 1983). Temperature values of the waters sampled, varied from 13oC to 18oC in the well waters and 21oC to 25oC in the surface waters (table 1). Evaluation of the water quality measurements at table 1 and table 2; show that surface waters are mostly have low salt and toxic material content and suitable for irrigation in Çanakkale Region. But some of the ground waters are contaminated with organic pollutants and should not be used continuously for a sustainable irrigation.  References . Anonim, 1991. T.C. Resmi Gazete , 4 Eylül 1988 Tarih ve 19919 Sayılı, 7.Ocak.1991 Tarih ve 20748 Sayılı. Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği. Ankara. . Anonymous,1998. DSİ State Hydraulic Works, Çanakkale Directorate Laboratory Records (unpublished), Çanakkale. . Anonymous 2001, Çanakkale Province Meteorological Survey Station Records (unpublished), Çanakkale . Ayyıldız, 1976. Sulama Suyu kalitesi ve Tuzluluk Problemleri. A. Üniv., Ziraat Fak. Yayınları No. 636, Ders Kitabı No. 199, Ankara. . Ayyıldız, 1983. Sulama Suyu kalitesi ve Tuzluluk Problemleri. A. Üniv., Ziraat Fak. Yayınları No. 636, Ders Kitabı No. 199, Ankara. . Hoffman, G.J., J.D. Rhoades, J. Lethey and F.Sheng, 1992. Salinity Management of Farm Irrigation Systems (Ed., G.J. Hoffman, T.A Howell, K.H. Soloman). ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659,667-715. . Şener, S. 1983. Sulama Sularının Özellikleri ve Sınıflandırması. Menemen Bölge Topraksu Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayını, Yayın No:103-12. Menemen, İzmir. . Tok, H. H., 1997. Çevre Kirliliği Su kaynakları ve Su Kirliliği. Anadolu Mat. Tekirdağ. . Tüzüner, A., 1990. Toprak ve Su Analiz Laboratuvarları El Kitabı. TOKİB KHGM Yayınları, Ankara. . United States Salinity Laboratory Staff, 1953.Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali SoilsAgriculturalHandbookNo.60. |